Improvement in bake-ovens



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

M. J. MOSHER. Bake-Oven.

Patented Dec. 17, 1878. EWI.

W ZM/.f gmx i '3 Sheets-Sheet 2* Y M. J. MOSHER.

Y Bake-Oven. No. 210,871. Patented Dec. 17, 1878.

Sheets-Sheet 3.

.3 M. J. MOSHER.

Bake-Oven. No. 210,871. Patented Dec. 7,1878.

MARTIN J. MOSHER, OF TROY, NEWv YGRK.

IMPROVEMENT IN BAKE-OVENS.

Speeication forming part of Letters Patent No. 210,871, dated December 17, 1878 application filed November l2, 1877.

To all wilma it 'may' concern:

Beit known that I, MARTIN J. Mosnnn, ot the city ot' Troy, county of Rensselaer, and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Bake-Oven, of which the following is a specification:

The nature of my invention relates to that kind of culinary devices known as bakeovens, and which are designed, principally, for baking or roast-in g; and it consists- First, in surrounding the oven-inclosnre at the sides, back, bottoni, and top with a series ot' connected ues, through which are passed, for heating the oven, the hot air and gases escaping i'roni the .fire and on their way to the exit under the draft impulse of the chimney.

Second. My invention also consists in means of heating the interior of the oven by a current of hot air passed through the same, separate and distinct from the heat and gases escaping from the ire directly, with the current ot' air entering the base and heated by passing around the fire-pot and adjoining heated surfaces before entering the oven.

Third. Another feature of my invention consists in the manner of arranging and constructing the repot and hot-aircirculating base, as combined and connected with the oven.

Fourth. My invention also consists in the manner of constructing and arranging the fire pot, direct-draft flue, and ilne-dampers, cornhined with and connected with the hues in the oven exterior case.

Fitth. My invention further consists in the manner oi' constructingV the oven-shelves in open-work, and with projecting points for the utensil to rest upon in which cooking is to he done, so that there shall he afrec space hetween the shelf and the bottoni lci' the utensil for the hot air to circulate. A

Upon the three sheets of drawings connected herewith there are thirteen illustrations of my invention, in all of which like letters are used to designate like parts.

Figure l shows a view, in perspective, of my improved bakeoven, with two of the ovendoors open, and the side strips, in which are formed the door trnnnion-bones and latches, removed, for the purpose of enlarging the strips, so that they may loe more clearly shown. Fig. 2 designates the basesection in perspective, with the oven removed, showing the lirecylinder, ash-pit iiue, connecting with the exterior oven-case fines', also the hot-air passages for heating the air to he passed into the oven. Fig. 3 shows, in perspective, one of the strips removed from the front, and in which are formed the bearings for the oven-door trunnions and the catches for the oven-door latches.

This iigure shows the parts specified on a larger scale in proportion to the other illustrations, to make the saine appear more distinct. Fig. 4 illustrates avertical section of the side of the oven-door area, upon which stops are arranged to hohl the door when open in a horizontal position. Fig. 5 shows a vertical section of the side strips shown in Fig. 3, taken at right angles to the front, illustrating the trnnnion boxes or hearings for the oven-doors. Fig. 6 illustrates a vertical section of the bake-oven and base, taken parallel to the front and through the center on the line p p of Fin'. l, showing the tire-pot, entering air-openings, flues in the oven exterior case, the hot-air fines around the tire-cylinder, their connection with the oven-bottom iiue, and the center distributing hot-air chamber formed in the oven, with apertures opening from the same, also the dampers controllin g the circulation through the oven and to the exit, as shown by arrows. Fig. 7 shows the damper arranged to regulate the hot-air current through the oven, taken on the line l Z, Fi. l, there being two of these danipers connecting the oven with the ilue in the exterior case, near the exit, and upon the side of the tlne leading to the exit. Fig. 8 illustrates, in perspective, a view ofthe bake-oven back and sides, with the exterior walls removed, to show the horizontal tiues formed in the case, their connection with each other at the sides and back, and also with the rear iiue, leading from the lire-cylinder. It also shows the location of the damper placed in the rear ascending fine, used to divert the heat from the direct flue to the lues in the exterior case. This illustration also shows thev dampers connecting the oven with the exterior-case lines, and the exterior-case flues with the exit. Fig. 9 shows a back view of the `exterior oven-wall and the direct-draft flue.

Fig. l() illustrates a vertical section of the rea-r ascending direct-draft lue, taken through the center and at right angles to the back. Fig. llrshows a cross-section of the back and rear direct-draft iiue, taken horizontally through the same. Fig. 12 illustrates a top view of an oven-shelf with the projecting points; and Fig. 13 shows a section of the same taken on the line y y of Fig. 12, where the elevation of the points are shown, and upon which the utensils containing material to be cooked are placed.

As arranged, the operation of the bakeoven is as follows: Fire being kindled in the fire-cylinder F' of the base B, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 6, and 8, the heated gases arising from the iire pass through the iiue E', and thence directly upward, at the back to the lue G, formed in the top over the oven, and which connects with the pipe-collar l".

When it is desired to heat the oven O" by means of the fines in the exterior case, the damper J in the direct-draft iiue is closed, and the heated gases arising from the re are compelled to pass into and through the iiues N N N N. These lines are arranged horizontally in the exterior oven-case at the sides and back, with the flue-strips breaking joints at the corners in alternation for nue-connection. At N" N" these fines in the case conneet with the iiues S"' S"', formed in the top upon each side of the central top flue, G.

Between the top iiue, G, and the iiues S"' S' are arranged the slide-danipers d d, as shown in Figs. 6 and 8. These dampers are employed to regulate the amount of heat passing through the exterior-case iiues.' The direction ot' the gases and heatpassing through the iiues is indicated by arrows. This inanner of constructin and arranging the lues in the exterior case of a bake-oven constitutes a leading feature of my invention, and may be combined with other forms ot lire-cylinder than the one shown, and produce the same result.

The oven O" is also heated by the introduction of a current of hot air brought in at Vthe base through the openings Z Z Z Z, as shown in Fig. 6. This current of air passes around the {ire-pot F', through the flue F", as shown by arrows, tthe bottom flue, H H, and thence up into the heatdistributin g chamber M, from which it passes through apertures into the 'oven O" 0" and from thence through the damper-passages S' S' to the exterior-case top iiues, S"', as shown by direction-arrows.

At S' S' are shown dampers on each side to open and close the passages, so as to control the passage of the heated air through the oven. This chamber INI may have grated open- -in gs, or the same may be made round and an swer the same purpose, the object of them being to distribute the heat equally between the oven-shelves. The slide-damper employed is shown at Fig. 7

This manner of constructing and arranging Ia hot-air flue'beneath the oven connected .with -ithe heat-distributing chamber M, with its apertures, and the dampered passages S' S', for producing a circulating current of hot air into and through the oven, constitutes a special feature of my invention when thesame is connected with an entering current of hot air. I also consider it a special feature of my invention to combine the hot-air iiue F", surrounding the fire-pot F', with the iiue H H,.beneath the oven O", the heat-distributing chamber M, formed in the oven, provided with the apertures o 0 o o, and the dampered openings and dampers S S', to produce and circulate a current of hot air through the oven, as a heating means separate from that passing directly from the fire to the exit.

The base is shown at B, the ash-pit at A, in Figs. 1 and 2, the fire-cylinder at F' and at E', the bottom of the direct-draft iiue connecting with the Jdre-cylinder at the rear. At Figs. 9 and 1() is shown the location of the directdraft tine as connecting the Hue-opening E at the base with the direct-draft flue formed at the rear. 'At Fig. 8, the damper J, which controls the currents of the draft through the direct draft flue, is shown, Aby which damper the current is directed from lthe direct-draft iiue to make the circuit of the oven exterior-case tlues. This feature of the construction and arangement of the directdraft iiue and flue-damper, as combined and connected with the fire-pot and exterior ovencase lines N N N N, I consider to be a special feature of my invention.

Bake-ovens being unlike the ovens of stoves or ranges in the fact that they are provided with a series of shelves, upon which it is arranged to cook at the same time articles of food requiring different periods of heat, and a single or double oven-door opening the whole ot' the oven-front, or a large portion of it, for removing a part of the contents of the oven, would chill that which remained and required more time. Pastry and other articles of the same kind are sensitive under such conditions, and become, as itistermed, heavy." To avoid this difficulty I divide the oven-front area by means of a series of doors, and these may he arranged opposite each shelf, so that a portion of the oven may be opened and closed without disturbing the conditions of the remaining part of it.

The front oven-doors are shown as closed in Fig. 1 atD D DD, and at D"D" they are shown as opened. These doors have trunnions cast upon their lower corners, and upon their sides notches for latching purposes. To furnish bearings for the door-trunnions, and catches for the side notches to complete the latch, side strips are made separately and attached to the front. One of these is shown at Fig. 3 upon an enlarged scale and detached from the front.

-A 'vertical section of the same is shown at Fig.

5. In bothillustrations the trunnion boxes or bearings are designated bythe letters T T T T, andthe notches at L' L' L' L'L'. The trunnions upon the doors are shownat hh, Fig. 1.

VThe bottomof each door is rabbeted, as shown at b, FiO. 1, and this rabbet produces a striking face for the door beneath. Upon the inside jams of the oven at the sides-of the front openin g for the doors are formed notches, as shown at L" L" L" L" in Fig. 4, against which the rabbeted flange on the door strikes when the door swings down, and which keeps it in horizontal position When open.

The oven-shelves are provided with projectin g points upon their upper surface for cool:- ing utensils to rest upon, so as to allow the heat to circulate between the bottom of the utensil and the tcp of the shelf.

The top ot' the shelf may be made in open lattice-Work, or be grated,witl1 the projecting` points in the former at the angles and sides, and in the latter case upon the bars.

The shelf with the points upon the same is shown at Fig. l2 by the letters P P P P. A Vertical section of the shelf is shown at Fig. 13, with the projecting point-s illustrated at P P P.

I do not desire to limit my invention as to the number ot' the horizontal and connected fines N N N, excepting that there shall be enough ot' them formed in the exterior ovencase to connect in the same manner at the back and sides by means ot' .flue-strips breakingjcints at alternating corners for flue-connection.

I do not desire to liniitnny invention as to the shape of the heat-distributing chamber M, formed in the oven-i nclosure, excepting to this extent, thatit sh all be arranged centrally Wi thin the oven-inclosure, and be connected with a hot-air tine below, and be provided with apertures for distributing,` the heat Within the oven.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a bake-oven, the horizontal and connected fines N N N N, formed in the exterior oven-case at the back and sides, the damperapertures and dampers S' S', the top fines, S' S, central tcp lne, G, and the connectingdanipers d d, arranged to operate as herein described and shown.

2. In a balie-oven, in combination with the nre-cylinder F', rear ue, E', and damperJ, the horizontal and connected tlues N N N N and N" N", formed in the exterior ease, the top fines, S' S', center iine, G, and danipers l d, arranged to operate as herein described and shown.

3. In a bakeoven, the flue H II below the oven, connected with the hot-air-distributing chamber M, and apertures 0 o o0, with the openings and dampers S' S', for circulating a hotair current into and through the oven O" O", and discharging` the same into the lines N" N", as herein described and shown.

4. In a bake-oven, the entering,` air-passages Z Z in the base, the hot-air passages F" F", the bottoni oven-tine, H H, the heat-distributing chamber M, apertures o 0 o o o,` and the openings and dampers S' S', connecting the oven interior with the exterior-case ilues N" N", as the same is herein shown and described.

5. In an oven-shelf, the raised points P P P P, arranged upon its upper surface so as to support a cooking utensil and allow a current ot hot air to circulate between the utensil and the shelf, as herein described and shown.

Signed at Troy this 10th day of November, A. D. 1877.

MARTIN J. MQSI'I'ER.

TVitnesses:

BERNARD BLAIR, CHARLES S. BRINTNALL. 

